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摘要: 光学孤子是指一种通过非线性折射率势阱维持脉冲形状不变的光波,它广泛存在于光纤、飞秒激光器、参量振荡器等系统中。近年来,人们在相干泵浦下的高Q值微腔中也观测到了光孤子,这为研究光孤子性质提供了新的实验平台。又因为微腔光孤子在频域上对应高重频的光学频率梳,微腔光孤子的诞生也极大地推动了小型化光学频率梳的发展。微腔光孤子频率梳已经可以实现自参考锁定;这使得片上集成的光频合成器、光原子钟、波分复用光源、微腔光谱仪、微腔激光雷达等众多应用成为了可能。文中介绍了微腔光孤子的产生基础,特别是光孤子相互作用相关的研究,还讨论了基于微腔的双光梳测量在高速成像与中红外气体光谱分析上的应用。Abstract: Optical solitons are wavepackets that can sustain the shape via a nonlinear refractive index potential well. They exist in a wide range of optical systems spanning optical fibers, fiber lasers and parametric oscillators. Recently, a new type optical solitons have been observed in coherently pumped high-Q microcavities. The observation of microcavity optical solitons provides a well-controlled experimental platform to study soliton physics. Microcavity optical solitons also endow an array of highly stable spectral lines in the frequency domain, which advance the miniaturization of frequency comb systems. These soliton microcombs have been self-reference stabilized and could enable many chip-based applications including optical frequency synthesizers, optical atomic clocks, data transmission, spectrometer and LiDAR in the near future. Here, the fundamental of microcavity optical solitons was introduced, with a special focus on soliton interaction dynamics. The microcavity dual-comb measurement based applications in fast imaging and mid-infrared gas spectroscopy were also discussed.
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Key words:
- optical soliton /
- coherent pump /
- microcomb /
- dual-comb measurements
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图 1 微腔光孤子产生基础:(a) 相干泵浦时微腔时域和频域输入及输出[46];(b) 微腔中耗散光孤子的产生需满足增益和损耗与色散和非线性的双平衡;(c)反常色散微腔对应的色散曲线;(d)仿真得到的腔内功率随失谐量的变化,以及不同状态下的时域和频域波形;(e) 从有效蓝失谐区域扫描到有效红失谐区域过程中测得的输出光功率的变化[10, 12]
Figure 1. Fundamental of soliton dynamics in microcavities:(a) Input and output of a coherently pumped microcavity[46]; (b) Double balance between gain and loss as well as dispersion and nonlinearity is needed to support dissipative solitons in microcavities; (c) Dispersion curve of an anomalous dispersion cavity; (d) Simulated intracavity power change when scanning the pump frequency detuning. The power change features several steps indicating soliton states; (e) Experimentally measured transmitted power when scanning the laser from blue-detuning to red-detuning[10, 12]
图 2 微腔孤子间的相互作用:(a) 同向传播的孤子间通过色散波产生锁定[79];(b) 完美孤子晶体(PSC),在同个微腔中存在X个等间距分布的微腔孤子[80];(c)相向传播的微腔孤子可通过微腔的瑞利背向散射引起相互作用[82];(d) 不同微腔孤子间可通过将某一微腔孤子注入另一个微腔实现两个微腔孤子间的同步[84]
Figure 2. Soliton interaction in microcavities:(a) Illustration of co-propagating (CoP) solitons trapped by dispersive wave emission[79]; (b) Perfect soliton crystals (PSC) comprising X solitons in a microcavity[80]; (c) Counter-propagating (CP) solitons interaction via Rayleigh backscattering[82]; (d) Synchronization of solitons in two different microcavities via injecting one of the solitons into the other one[84]
图 3 微腔光频梳在双光梳测量中的应用:(a) 微腔双光梳光谱示意图[87];(b) 单微腔双光梳游标光谱仪示意图[89];(c) 微腔双光梳成像测量[90];(d) 双微腔光频梳的快速距离测量[92]
Figure 3. Dual-microcomb applications:(a) Dual-comb spectroscopy using microcombs[87]; (b) A microcavity based vernier spectrometer[89]; (c) Dual-comb imaging using microcombs[90]; (d) Ultrafast distance measurement with dual-microcombs[92]
图 4 光学差频技术在分子光谱学中的应用:(a) 中红外双微腔光梳测吸收光谱[96];(b) 使用 iDFG 中红外梳对甲烷进行双梳光谱(DCS)分析[102]; (c) 脉冲内自差频技术[100];(d) 间隔光学差频(iDFG)技术[101]
Figure 4. Application of optical frequency combs for spectroscopy:(a) Scheme of mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy using silicon microcavities[96]; (b) Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) analysis of methane using iDFG mid-IR combs[102]; (c) Intrapulse difference-frequency-generation technology[100]; (d) Interleaved difference-frequency-generation (iDFG) technology[101]
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相干泵浦微腔光孤子基础与双光梳应用(特邀)
doi: 10.3788/IRLA20220271
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-01
- 修回日期: 2022-05-01
- 录用日期: 2022-05-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-08
摘要: 光学孤子是指一种通过非线性折射率势阱维持脉冲形状不变的光波,它广泛存在于光纤、飞秒激光器、参量振荡器等系统中。近年来,人们在相干泵浦下的高Q值微腔中也观测到了光孤子,这为研究光孤子性质提供了新的实验平台。又因为微腔光孤子在频域上对应高重频的光学频率梳,微腔光孤子的诞生也极大地推动了小型化光学频率梳的发展。微腔光孤子频率梳已经可以实现自参考锁定;这使得片上集成的光频合成器、光原子钟、波分复用光源、微腔光谱仪、微腔激光雷达等众多应用成为了可能。文中介绍了微腔光孤子的产生基础,特别是光孤子相互作用相关的研究,还讨论了基于微腔的双光梳测量在高速成像与中红外气体光谱分析上的应用。
English Abstract
Coherently pumped microcavity soliton physics and dual-comb applications(Invited)
- Received Date: 2022-04-01
- Accepted Date: 2022-05-12
- Rev Recd Date: 2022-05-01
- Available Online: 2022-06-22
- Publish Date: 2022-06-08
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Keywords:
- optical soliton /
- coherent pump /
- microcomb /
- dual-comb measurements
Abstract: Optical solitons are wavepackets that can sustain the shape via a nonlinear refractive index potential well. They exist in a wide range of optical systems spanning optical fibers, fiber lasers and parametric oscillators. Recently, a new type optical solitons have been observed in coherently pumped high-Q microcavities. The observation of microcavity optical solitons provides a well-controlled experimental platform to study soliton physics. Microcavity optical solitons also endow an array of highly stable spectral lines in the frequency domain, which advance the miniaturization of frequency comb systems. These soliton microcombs have been self-reference stabilized and could enable many chip-based applications including optical frequency synthesizers, optical atomic clocks, data transmission, spectrometer and LiDAR in the near future. Here, the fundamental of microcavity optical solitons was introduced, with a special focus on soliton interaction dynamics. The microcavity dual-comb measurement based applications in fast imaging and mid-infrared gas spectroscopy were also discussed.