Fiber-optic current sensing technique utilized for ultra-high current value transfer
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摘要: 面向工业、国防及重大科学研究领域超大电流在线计量的迫切需求，提出基于光纤电流传感器量程自扩展特性实现超大电流计量标准的量值传递。基于微分琼斯矩阵方法，建立了光纤敏感环路的数学模型，揭示了线性双折射对传感器量程自扩展特性的影响机理，并证明了采用椭圆双折射光纤的电流传感器具有良好的量程自扩展能力，可通过光纤圈数对Faraday效应的比例放大作用，利用小电流实现传感器在超大电流下的等效校准。研制了干涉式数字闭环柔性光纤电流传感器，可在不断开载流母线的情况下直接形成敏感环路，实现在线计量。样机性能测试结果表明：在直流等效10~210 kA范围内，样机的测量准确度优于0.1%；在工频额定等效25 kA条件下，样机的比差准确度满足IEC60044-8 0.2 S级要求；样机的带宽大于10 kHz。Abstract: In order to meet the urgent needs of online metrology of the ultra-high current in the field of industry, national defense and key scientific research, a value transfer method of the ultra-high current standard based on the range self-expansion characteristic of the fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS) was presented. The mathematical model of the sensing coil was established by utilizing the differential Jones matrix methods. The effect mechanism of the linear birefringence on the range self-expansion characteristic of the sensor was analyzed, and the excellent range self-expansion capability of the FOCS with a spun high-birefringence sensing fiber coil was proved. By means of the magnification effect of the number of fiber loops to the Faraday effect, the sensor can be calibrated with the relatively low equivalent ampere-turn current. The flexible interferometer-type FOCS utilizing the digital closed-loop signal-detecting scheme was developed. The spun high birefringence optical fiber was packaged into a sensing element, which can be bent into a sensing coil without opening the current-carrying bus bar. It is shown by the experimental results that the sensor achieves the accuracy within 0.1% for the DC equivalent current between 10 kA and 210 kA. For a power-frequency equivalent current of 25 kA, the scale factor error of the sensor can meet the need of 0.2S accuracy class specified in IEC 60044-8. The bandwidth of the sensor is more than 10 kHz.
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