Multi-dimensional metasurface and its application in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting
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摘要: 超表面是一种厚度在亚波长或波长量级的人工层状材料。可通过调控超表面单元结构上的大小、形状、转角、位移量等自由度,实现对电磁波频率、振幅、相位、偏振等特性的灵活有效调控。超表面具有超薄、宽带、低损耗、易加工、灵活设计,功能强大等特点。文中综述了具有单维度、双维度、多维度光场调控功能的超表面及其在外部激励作用下具有主动可调特性超表面的发展历程,并特别介绍了这些超表面用于信息加密防伪领域的实现方式与优势特点。相比于传统的信息加密防伪技术,超表面信息加密防伪术具有亚波长像素,精密控制,安全系数高等特点,展现了全新视角,拥有广阔的发展前景。Abstract: Metasurface is an artificial layered material with a subwavelength or wavelength-scale thickness. By adjusting the size, shape, orientation angle, displacement, etc. of the metasurface nanostructures, dimensions of electromagnetic wave including frequency, amplitude, phase, polarization, wavelength, etc. can be flexibly and effectively controlled. Metasurface has various characteristics including the ultra-thin thickness, broadband, low loss, easy processing, flexible design and powerful functionalities. This paper reviewed metasurfaces capable of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, multi-dimensional, and active light field manipulations and their applications in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. An outlook was given for the future development trend of multi-dimensional metasurfaces. Compared with the traditional information encryption and anti-counterfeiting technology, the metasurface has the superior advantages in sub-wavelength pixels, precise controlling and ultra-secure factor in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Its bright future to replace the traditional information encryption and anti-counterfeiting technology was envisioned, and its broad application prospects were underpinned.
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图 1 (a)基于H型天线结构大小的共振相位[29];(b)基于单元周期内超构原子旋转产生的几何相位[30];(c)基于柱状纳米结构尺寸的传输相位[31];(d)基于超构原子在单元周期内的相对位移的迂回相位[32]
Figure 1. (a) Resonance phase based on the size of H-type antenna structure[29]; (b) Geometric phases based on the rotation of superstructure atoms within a unit period[30]; (c) Transmission phase based on the size of the columnar nanostructure[31]; (d) Detour phase based on the relative displacement of the superstructure atoms in the unit period[32]
图 2 (a)基于亚波长纳米孔衍射的纯振幅全息[36];(b)基于几何相位的高效率纯相位全息[13];(c)基于马吕斯定律的激光光束内偏振图像隐藏超表面[37]
Figure 2. (a) Amplitude-only holography based on subwavelength nanopore diffraction[36]; (b) High efficient phase-only holography based on geometric phase[13]; (c) Hidden metasurface of the polarized image in the laser beam based on Marius's law[37]
图 3 (a)基于X型原子的复振幅全息显示[50];(b)结合偏振与波长的彩色编码图像[55];(c)结合偏振与波长的颜色滤波器[56];(d)结合相位与波长的彩色全息图[59];(e)基于金属正交双原子的矢量全息及任意偏振态显示[70];(f)结合相位与偏振的矢量全息加密[71]
Figure 3. (a) Complex amplitude holographic display based on X-type atom[50]; (b) A color-coded image combining polarization and wavelength[55]; (c) Color filter combining polarization and wavelength[56]; (d) Colorful holograms combining phase and wavelength[59]; (e) Vector holography based on metal orthogonal diatomics and display of arbitrary polarization states[70]; (f) Vector holographic encryption combining phase and polarization[71]
图 4 (a)同时调控振幅、相位、波长的彩色纳米打印和全彩色全息图像[74];(b)同时调控波长、相位、偏振的彩色编码字母[76];(c)同时调控振幅、相位、偏振的微缩印刷品和螺旋复用的全息光学实时加密装置[78];(d)同时调控振幅、相位、偏振并复用波长的全彩复振幅全息图[82]
Figure 4. (a) Color nano-printing and full-color holographic images that simultaneously control amplitude, phase, and wavelength[74];(b)Color coded letters that simultaneously control wavelength, phase, and polarization[76];(c)Holographic optical real-time encryption device for microprints and spiral multiplexing that imultaneously control amplitude, phase and polarization[78];(d)Full-color complex amplitude hologram that simultaneously controls amplitude, phase, polarization and multiplexes wavelength[82]
图 5 (a)基于GST相变材料热刺激下晶态与非晶态切换的双重全息显示[88];(b)基于加氢/脱氢化学反应的动态全息和光学信息加密[93];(c)基于聚二甲基硅氧烷弹性衬底的多路复用全息显示[95]
Figure 5. (a) Dual holographic display based on the switch between crystalline state and amorphous state under thermal stimulation of GST phase change material[88]; (b) Dynamic holographic and optical information encryption based on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation chemical reactions[93]; (c) Multiplex holographic display based on polydimethylsiloxane elastic substrate[95]
图 6 (a)基于二次谐波非线性超表面的光学信息加密[106];(b)基于热扰动的反监视超表面[107];(c)电磁可重编程编码超表面全息图[108]
Figure 6. (a) Optical information encryption based on the second harmonic nonlinear metasurface[106]; (b) Anti-surveillance metasurface based on thermal disturbance[107]; (c) Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding metasurface holograms[108]
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