All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene

Chen Kai; Zhu Lianqing; Lou Xiaoping; Yao Qifeng; Luo Fei

doi:10.3788/IRLA201755.1005004

Volume 46 Issue 10

Nov. 2017

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Chen Kai, Zhu Lianqing, Lou Xiaoping, Yao Qifeng, Luo Fei. All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(10): 1005004-1005004(8). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201755.1005004

Citation:

Chen Kai, Zhu Lianqing, Lou Xiaoping, Yao Qifeng, Luo Fei. All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(10): 1005004-1005004(8). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201755.1005004

All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201755.1005004

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Information and Instruments,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100016,China;
2.
Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100192,China

Received Date: 2017-02-10
Rev Recd Date: 2017-03-20
Publish Date: 2017-10-25

Abstract

An all-polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by graphene saturable absorber mirror was reported. The laser with monolayer and ten-layer graphene as saturable absorbers devices avoided the influence of environment on the intracavity polarization and generates high stability, high degree of polarization and self starting mode-locked pulse output with pulse width of 697 fs and 502 fs. Compared to single layer graphene, the ten layers graphene can obtain shorter pulse width, higher peak power and better mode locking effect. While the pump power increases, a two harmonic mode-locked pulse with 62.94 MHz repetition frequency can be generated. The mechanism of harmonic mode locking was analyzed by nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The mode-locking laser cavity based on the reflection mirror was expected to be the excellent single polarization femtosecond fiber laser source which can be switched between the fundamental frequency and the two harmonic.
- mode-locked fiber laser,
- all-polarization-maintaining,
- reflection type graphene saturated absorber mirror

References

[1]	Zhang H, Shen X, Chen D, et al. High energy and high peak power nanosecond pulses generated by fiber amplifier[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(22):2295-2298.
[2]	Shen X, Zhang H, Hao H, et al. High energy, single-polarized, single-transverse-mode, nanosecond pulses generated by a multi-stage Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier[J]. Optics Communications, 2015, 345:168-172.
[3]	Yuan Ruixia, Peng Jiying, Li Zuohan, et al. Nd:YVO4 self-mode-locked picosecond laser[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(3):0305001. (in Chinese)袁瑞霞, 彭继迎, 李祚涵,等. Nd:YVO4自锁模皮秒激光器[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(3):0305001.
[4]	Tao S, Xu L, Chen G, et al. Ultra-high repetition rate harmonic mode-locking generated in a dispersion and nonlinearity managed fiber laser[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(9):2354-2357.
[5]	Chen H, Chen S, Jiang Z, et al. 0.4J, 7 kW ultrabroadband noise-like pulse direct generation from an all-fiber dumbbell-shaped laser[J]. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(23):5490-5493.
[6]	Zhang L, Zhou J, Wang Z, et al. SESAM mode-locked, environmentally stable, and compact dissipative soliton fiber laser[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(13):1314-1316.
[7]	Krylov A A, Sazonkin S G, Arutyunyan N R, et al. Performance peculiarities of carbon-nanotube-based thin-film saturable absorbers for erbium fiber laser mode-locking[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2015, 33(2):134.
[8]	Dong Xinzheng, Yu Zhenhua, Tian Jinrong, et al. A 147 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with a carbon nanotubes saturable absorber in evanescent field[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(3):034202. (in Chinese)董信征, 于振华, 田金荣,等. 147 fs碳纳米管倏逝场锁模全光纤掺铒光纤激光器[J]. 物理学报, 2014, 63(3):034202.
[9]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5696):666-669.
[10]	Yamashita S, Martinez A, Xu B. Short pulse fiber lasers mode-locked by carbon nanotubes and graphene[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2014, 20(6):702-713.
[11]	Baek I H, Lee H W, Bae S, et al. Efficient mode-locking of sub-70-fs Ti:Sapphire laser by graphene saturable absorber[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2012, 5(3):339-345.
[12]	Zaugg C A, Sun Z, Wittwer V J, et al. Ultrafast and widely tuneable vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser, mode-locked by a graphene-integrated distributed Bragg reflector.[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(25):31548-31559.
[13]	Haris H, Harun S W, Anyi C L, et al. Generation of soliton and bound soliton pulses in mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using graphene film as saturable absorber[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2015, 63(8):1-6.
[14]	Sobon G, Sotor J, Pasternak I, et al. Multilayer graphene-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for mode-locked Er-and Tm-doped fiber lasers[J]. Optical Materials Express, 2015, 5(12):2884-2894.
[15]	Zhu G, Zhu X, Wang F, et al. Graphene mode-locked fiber laser at 2.8[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2015, 28(1):7-10.
[16]	Brida D, Tomadin A, Manzoni C, et al. Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene[J]. Physics, 2013, 4(3):131-140.
[17]	Bao Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, et al. Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19(19):3077-3083.
[18]	Sun Z, Popa D, Hasan T, et al. A stable, wideband tunable, near transform-limited, graphene-mode-locked, ultrafast laser[J]. Nano Research, 2010, 3(9):653-660.
[19]	Feng Dejun, Huang Wenyu, Jiang Shouzhen, et al. Few-layer graphene membrane as an ultrafast mode-locker in erbium-doped fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(5):054202. (in Chinese)冯德军, 黄文育, 姜守振, 等. 基于少数层石墨烯可饱和吸收的锁模光纤激光器[J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62(5):054202.
[20]	He X, Wang D N, Liu Z B. Pulse-width tuning in a passively mode-locked fiber laser with graphene saturable absorber[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(4):360-363.
[21]	Sotor J, Pasternak I, Krajewska A, et al. Sub-90 fs a stretched-pulse mode-locked fiber laser based on a graphene saturable absorber.[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(21):27503-27508.
[22]	Purdie D G, Popa D, Wittwer V J, et al. Few-cycle from pulses from a graphene mode-locked all-fiber laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 106(25):253101.
[23]	Xu J, Wu S, Liu J, et al. All-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber lasers using graphene oxide saturable absorber[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(4):346-348.
[24]	Bowen P, Singh H, Runge A, et al. Mode-locked femtosecond all-normal all-PM Yb-doped fiber laser at 1060 nm[J]. Optics Communications, 2016, 364:181-184.
[25]	Jang H, Jang Y S, Kim S, et al. Polarization maintaining linear cavity Er-doped fiber femtosecond laser[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 2015, 12(10):105102.
[26]	Xu B, Martinez A, Set S Y, et al. Polarization Maintaining, nanotube-based mode-locked lasing from figure of eight fiber laser[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(2):180-182.
[27]	Huang P L, Lin S C, Yeh C Y, et al. Stable mode-locked fiber laser based on CVD fabricated graphene saturable absorber[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(3):2460-2465.
[28]	Liu Dongfeng, Chen Guofu, Bai Jintao, et al. Generation and amplification of the ultrashort optical pulse sin passive harmonic mode-locking Er3+-doped fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2000, 49(2):241-246. (in Chinese)刘东峰, 陈国夫, 白晋涛,等. 被动高阶谐波锁模掺Er~(3+)光纤激光超短光脉冲的产生及其放大[J]. 物理学报, 2000, 49(2):241-246.
[29]	Hu Tonghuan, Jiang Guobao, Chen Yu, et al. Passive harmonic mode-locking in Er-doped fiber laser based on mechanical exfoliated graphene saturable absorber[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2015, 42(8):0802013. (in Chinese)胡同欢, 蒋国保, 陈宇, 等. 机械剥离石墨烯被动谐波锁模掺铒光纤激光器[J]. 中国激光, 2015, 42(8):0802013.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene

1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Information and Instruments,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100016,China;

2. Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100192,China

Received Date: 2017-02-10

Rev Recd Date: 2017-03-20

Publish Date: 2017-10-25

Key words:

mode-locked fiber laser /
all-polarization-maintaining /
reflection type graphene saturated absorber mirror

Abstract: An all-polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by graphene saturable absorber mirror was reported. The laser with monolayer and ten-layer graphene as saturable absorbers devices avoided the influence of environment on the intracavity polarization and generates high stability, high degree of polarization and self starting mode-locked pulse output with pulse width of 697 fs and 502 fs. Compared to single layer graphene, the ten layers graphene can obtain shorter pulse width, higher peak power and better mode locking effect. While the pump power increases, a two harmonic mode-locked pulse with 62.94 MHz repetition frequency can be generated. The mechanism of harmonic mode locking was analyzed by nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The mode-locking laser cavity based on the reflection mirror was expected to be the excellent single polarization femtosecond fiber laser source which can be switched between the fundamental frequency and the two harmonic.

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Reference (29)

[1]	Zhang H, Shen X, Chen D, et al. High energy and high peak power nanosecond pulses generated by fiber amplifier[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(22):2295-2298.
[2]	Shen X, Zhang H, Hao H, et al. High energy, single-polarized, single-transverse-mode, nanosecond pulses generated by a multi-stage Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier[J]. Optics Communications, 2015, 345:168-172.
[3]	Yuan Ruixia, Peng Jiying, Li Zuohan, et al. Nd:YVO4 self-mode-locked picosecond laser[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(3):0305001. (in Chinese)袁瑞霞, 彭继迎, 李祚涵,等. Nd:YVO4自锁模皮秒激光器[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(3):0305001.
[4]	Tao S, Xu L, Chen G, et al. Ultra-high repetition rate harmonic mode-locking generated in a dispersion and nonlinearity managed fiber laser[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(9):2354-2357.
[5]	Chen H, Chen S, Jiang Z, et al. 0.4J, 7 kW ultrabroadband noise-like pulse direct generation from an all-fiber dumbbell-shaped laser[J]. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(23):5490-5493.
[6]	Zhang L, Zhou J, Wang Z, et al. SESAM mode-locked, environmentally stable, and compact dissipative soliton fiber laser[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(13):1314-1316.
[7]	Krylov A A, Sazonkin S G, Arutyunyan N R, et al. Performance peculiarities of carbon-nanotube-based thin-film saturable absorbers for erbium fiber laser mode-locking[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2015, 33(2):134.
[8]	Dong Xinzheng, Yu Zhenhua, Tian Jinrong, et al. A 147 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with a carbon nanotubes saturable absorber in evanescent field[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(3):034202. (in Chinese)董信征, 于振华, 田金荣,等. 147 fs碳纳米管倏逝场锁模全光纤掺铒光纤激光器[J]. 物理学报, 2014, 63(3):034202.
[9]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5696):666-669.
[10]	Yamashita S, Martinez A, Xu B. Short pulse fiber lasers mode-locked by carbon nanotubes and graphene[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2014, 20(6):702-713.
[11]	Baek I H, Lee H W, Bae S, et al. Efficient mode-locking of sub-70-fs Ti:Sapphire laser by graphene saturable absorber[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2012, 5(3):339-345.
[12]	Zaugg C A, Sun Z, Wittwer V J, et al. Ultrafast and widely tuneable vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser, mode-locked by a graphene-integrated distributed Bragg reflector.[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(25):31548-31559.
[13]	Haris H, Harun S W, Anyi C L, et al. Generation of soliton and bound soliton pulses in mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using graphene film as saturable absorber[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2015, 63(8):1-6.
[14]	Sobon G, Sotor J, Pasternak I, et al. Multilayer graphene-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for mode-locked Er-and Tm-doped fiber lasers[J]. Optical Materials Express, 2015, 5(12):2884-2894.
[15]	Zhu G, Zhu X, Wang F, et al. Graphene mode-locked fiber laser at 2.8[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2015, 28(1):7-10.
[16]	Brida D, Tomadin A, Manzoni C, et al. Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene[J]. Physics, 2013, 4(3):131-140.
[17]	Bao Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, et al. Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19(19):3077-3083.
[18]	Sun Z, Popa D, Hasan T, et al. A stable, wideband tunable, near transform-limited, graphene-mode-locked, ultrafast laser[J]. Nano Research, 2010, 3(9):653-660.
[19]	Feng Dejun, Huang Wenyu, Jiang Shouzhen, et al. Few-layer graphene membrane as an ultrafast mode-locker in erbium-doped fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(5):054202. (in Chinese)冯德军, 黄文育, 姜守振, 等. 基于少数层石墨烯可饱和吸收的锁模光纤激光器[J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62(5):054202.
[20]	He X, Wang D N, Liu Z B. Pulse-width tuning in a passively mode-locked fiber laser with graphene saturable absorber[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(4):360-363.
[21]	Sotor J, Pasternak I, Krajewska A, et al. Sub-90 fs a stretched-pulse mode-locked fiber laser based on a graphene saturable absorber.[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(21):27503-27508.
[22]	Purdie D G, Popa D, Wittwer V J, et al. Few-cycle from pulses from a graphene mode-locked all-fiber laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 106(25):253101.
[23]	Xu J, Wu S, Liu J, et al. All-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber lasers using graphene oxide saturable absorber[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(4):346-348.
[24]	Bowen P, Singh H, Runge A, et al. Mode-locked femtosecond all-normal all-PM Yb-doped fiber laser at 1060 nm[J]. Optics Communications, 2016, 364:181-184.
[25]	Jang H, Jang Y S, Kim S, et al. Polarization maintaining linear cavity Er-doped fiber femtosecond laser[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 2015, 12(10):105102.
[26]	Xu B, Martinez A, Set S Y, et al. Polarization Maintaining, nanotube-based mode-locked lasing from figure of eight fiber laser[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(2):180-182.
[27]	Huang P L, Lin S C, Yeh C Y, et al. Stable mode-locked fiber laser based on CVD fabricated graphene saturable absorber[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(3):2460-2465.
[28]	Liu Dongfeng, Chen Guofu, Bai Jintao, et al. Generation and amplification of the ultrashort optical pulse sin passive harmonic mode-locking Er3+-doped fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2000, 49(2):241-246. (in Chinese)刘东峰, 陈国夫, 白晋涛,等. 被动高阶谐波锁模掺Er~(3+)光纤激光超短光脉冲的产生及其放大[J]. 物理学报, 2000, 49(2):241-246.
[29]	Hu Tonghuan, Jiang Guobao, Chen Yu, et al. Passive harmonic mode-locking in Er-doped fiber laser based on mechanical exfoliated graphene saturable absorber[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2015, 42(8):0802013. (in Chinese)胡同欢, 蒋国保, 陈宇, 等. 机械剥离石墨烯被动谐波锁模掺铒光纤激光器[J]. 中国激光, 2015, 42(8):0802013.

All-polarization-maintaining fiber laser mode-locked by graphene

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201755.1005004

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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