Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage

Zhang Xu; Jin Weiqi; Li Li; Wang Xia; Qin Chao

doi:10.3788/IRLA201948.S204001

Volume 48 Issue S2

Oct. 2019

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Article Navigation > Infrared and Laser Engineering > 2019 > 48(S2): 47-59

Zhang Xu, Jin Weiqi, Li Li, Wang Xia, Qin Chao. Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2019, 48(S2): 47-59. doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.S204001

Citation:

Zhang Xu, Jin Weiqi, Li Li, Wang Xia, Qin Chao. Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2019, 48(S2): 47-59. doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.S204001

Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.S204001

1.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Imaging Technology and System,School of Optics and Photonics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China

Received Date: 2019-04-01
Rev Recd Date: 2019-05-14
Publish Date: 2019-09-30

Abstract

Passive gas infrared imaging detection technology has become an important method for oil and natural gas leakage detection due to its high detection efficiency, intuitive visualization and no need for laser illumination. Based on the infrared imaging detection principle of alkane gas leakage such as oil and natural gas. The representative detectors and gas leakage infrared imaging detection systems at foreign and domestic were focused, and its technical characteristics and some key technologies in the imaging system were analyzed. The development status of gas detection system performance evaluation technology was comprehensively summarized, which played an important role in promoting the application of gas detection technology and improving system performance. Finally, the development direction and existing problems of infrared gas imaging detection technology for alkane gas leakage were analyzed.
- natural gas leak,
- alkanes gas,
- IRFPA,
- infrared imaging,
- performance evaluation

References

[1]	Liu Xiu, Wang Lingxue, Jin Weiqi, et al. The development of optical remote measurement for hazardous gas leakage[J]. Infrared Technology, 2009, 31(10):563-567. (in Chinese)刘秀, 王岭雪, 金伟其, 等. 危险气体泄漏的光学遥测技术及其进展[J]. 红外技术, 2009, 31(10):563-567.
[2]	Li Jiakun,Jin Weiqi,Wang Xia, et al. Review of gas leak infrared imaging detection technology[J]. Infrared Technology, 2014, 36(7):513-520. (in Chinese)李家琨, 金伟其, 王霞, 等. 气体泄漏红外成像检测技术发展综述[J]. 红外技术, 2014, 36(7):513-520.
[3]	Tan Yuting, Li Jiakun, Jin Weiqi, et al. Model analysis of the sensitivity of single-point sensor and IRFPA detectors used in gas leakage detection[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(8):2489-2495. (in Chinese)谭雨婷, 李家琨, 金伟其, 等. 气体泄漏的单点探测器与红外成像检测的灵敏度模拟分析[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(8):2489-2495.
[4]	Vollmer M, Mllmann K P. Infrared Thermal Imaging:Fundamentals, Research and Applications[M]. Germany:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbhCo. KGaA, 2018:107-350.
[5]	Furry D, Richards A, Lucier R, et al. Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) with a spectrally filtered cooled mid-wave infrared camera[C]//Infra Mation 2005 Proceedings, 2005.
[6]	https://www.flir.cn/browse/industrial/gas-detection-cameras.[2018-12-20].
[7]	Mammen C H, Benson R G. Thermography camera configured for gas leak detection:US, 7, 649, 174[P]. 2010-01-19.
[8]	Kasai N, Tsuchiya C, Fukuda T, et al. Propane gas leak detection by infrared absorption using carbon infrared emitter and infrared camera[J]. NDT E International, 2011, 44(1):57-60.
[9]	Zeng Y, Morris J. Calibration and quantification method for gas imaging camera:US, 225, 915[P]. 2015-12-29.
[10]	Zeng Y, Morris J, Sanders A, et al. Methods to determine response factors for infrared gas imagers used as quantitative measurement devices[J]. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 2017, 67(11):1180-1191.
[11]	Abdel-Moati Hazem, Morris Jonathan, Zeng Yousheng, et al. New optical gas-imaging technology for quantifying fugitive-emission rates[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2016, 68(8):78-79.
[12]	Sandsten J, Weibring P, Edner H, et al. Real-time gas-correlation imaging employing thermal background radiation[J]. Optics Express, 2000, 6(4):92-103.
[13]	Sandsten J, Andersson M. Volume flow calculations on gas leaks imaged with infrared gas-correlation[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(18):20318-20329.
[14]	Cabib D, Lavi M, Orr H. Revival of circular variable filters[C]//Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications IV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010, 7835:78350O.
[15]	Cabib D, Orr H. Circular Variable Filters (CVF) at CI, progress and new performance[C]//Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications VI. Interna-tional Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8542:85420U.
[16]	Cabib D, Lavi M, Gil A, et al. A Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) spectral imager (7.7 to 12.3) based on cooled detector array and high resolution Circular Variable Filter (CVF)[C]//Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems:Technology and Applications X. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, 8896:88960R.
[17]	Malm H, Gamfeldt A, von Wrtemberg R M, et al. High image quality type-Ⅱ superlattice detector for 3.3m detection of volatile organic compounds[J]. Infrared Physics Technology, 2015, 70:34-39.
[18]	https://irnova.se/products/.[2018-12-20].
[19]	Gagnon M A, Tremblay P, Savary S, et al. Direct imaging of shale gas leaks using passive thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging[C]//2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017:4479-4481.
[20]	Products and services available at Telops[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].https://www.telops.com/products/.
[21]	Gagnon M A, Jahjah K A, Marcotte F, et al. Time-resolved thermal infrared multispectral imaging of gases and minerals[C]//Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems:Technology and Applications XI. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, 9249:92490U.
[22]	http:/www.softadir.com/application/commercial/.[2019-01-05].
[23]	PICO640E-041[EB/OL].[2011-12-12].www.ulis-ir.com.
[24]	Naranjo E, Baliga S, Bernascolle P. IR gas imaging in an industrial setting[C]//Thermosense XXXⅡ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010, 7661:76610K.
[25]	Naranjo E, Baliga S, Park J, et al. IR gas cloud imaging in oil and gas applications:immunity to false stimuli[C]//Thermosense:Thermal Infrared Applications XXXⅢ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2011, 8013:80130B.
[26]	Bernascolle P F, Elichabe A, Fervel F, et al. Stand-off CWA imaging system:second sight MS[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XⅢ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8358:83581B.
[27]	Hagen N, Kester R T, Walker C. Real-time quantitative hydrocarbon gas imaging with the gas cloud imager (GCI)[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XⅢ. Interna-tional Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8358:83581J.
[28]	Kester R T. A real-time gas cloud imaging camera for fugitive emission detection and monitoring[C]//Applied Industrial Optics:Spectroscopy, Imaging and Metrology. Optical Society of America, 2012:AW1B. 1.
[29]	Hagen N, Kester R T, Morlier C G, et al. Video-rate spectral imaging of gas leaks in the longwave infrared[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, 8710:871005.
[30]	VOX Imager BB (Broad Band)-Broadband uncooled IR video core[EB/OL].[2019-01-10].www.scd.co.il.
[31]	Klipstein P, Mizrahi U, Fraenkel A, et al. Status of cooled and uncooled infrared detectors at SCD, Israel[J]. Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(6):555-570.
[32]	Barber R, Rodriguez-Conejo M A, Melendez J, et al. Design of an infrared imaging system for robotic inspection of gas leaks in industrial environments[J]. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2015, 12(3):23.
[33]	Linares R, Vergara G, Gutirrez R, et al. Gas and flame detection and identification using uncooled MWIR imaging sensors[C]//Thermosense:Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVⅡ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015, 9485:94851F.
[34]	Jin Weiqi, Dun Xiong, Wang Xia, et al. An infrared MW/LW spectral imaging optical system:China, 201210490490[P]. 2013-03-20. (in Chinese)金伟其, 顿雄, 王霞, 等. 一种红外中长波光谱成像光学系统:中国, 201210490490[P]. 2013-03-20.
[35]	Jin W Q, Li J K, Dun X, et al. Wide-band gas leak imaging detection system using UFPA[C]//International Symposium on Optoelectronic Technology and Application 2014:Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, 9301:930102.
[36]	Wang Meirong. Key technologies for methane gas imaging detection[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)王美荣.甲烷气体成像探测关键技术研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2012.
[37]	Tang Jing, Luo Xiuli, Liu Shaohua, et al. Infrared imaging detection of oil and natural gas leakage[J]. Laser Infrared, 2016, 46(1):62-66. (in Chinese)唐璟, 罗秀丽, 刘绍华, 等. 石油和天然气红外成像检漏[J]. 激光与红外, 2016, 46(1):62-66.
[38]	Xu Z, Jin W, Li L, et al. Band optimization of passive methane gas leak detection based on uncooled infrared focal plane array[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(15):3991-4001.
[39]	Xiong Shifu. Studies on key technology of infrared thermal imaging detection and identification system for methane gas[D]. Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)熊仕富.红外热成像甲烷气体探测与识别系统关键技术研究[D]. 长春:长春理工大学, 2018.
[40]	Sabbah S, Harig R, Rusch P, et al.Remote sensing of gases by hyperspectral imaging:system performance and measurements[J]. Optical Engineering, 2012, 51(11):111717.
[41]	Farley V, Vallires A, Chamberland M, et al. Performance of the FIRST:a long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging sensor[C]//Optically Based Biological and Chemical Detection for Defence Ⅲ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006, 6398:63980T.
[42]	Tegstam J F, Danjoux R. Gas leak detection in the oil and gas industry using infrared optical imaging[J]. Thermografie-Kolloquium, 2007(3):1-10.
[43]	Benson R, Madding R, Lucier R, et al. Standoff passive optical leak detection of volatile organic compounds using a cooled InSb based infrared imager[C]//AWMA 99th Annual Meeting Papers, 2006:131.
[44]	Ben-David A, Ifarraguerri A I, Samuels A C. Correlation spectroscopy with diffractive grating synthetic spectra and orthogonal subspace projection filters[J]. Optical Engineering, 2003, 42(2):325-334.
[45]	Anderson K K, Tardiff M F, Chilton L K. Predicting the detectability of thin gaseous plumes in hyperspectral images using basis vectors[J]. Sensors, 2010, 10(9):8652-8662.
[46]	Li J, Jin W, Wang X, et al. MRGC performance evaluation model of gas leak infrared imaging detection system[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(107):A1701-A1712.
[47]	Zhang X, Jin W, Li J, et al. Minimum detectable gas concentration performance evaluation method for gas leak infrared imaging detection systems[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(10):2952-2959.
[48]	Benson R G, Panek J A, Drayton P. Direct measurements of minimum detectable vapor concentrations using passive infrared optical imaging systems[C]//Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition (AWMA), 2006.
[49]	Luo Xiuli, Tang Jing, Wang Lingxue, et al. Modeling and test of signal to noise ratio of leaking gas thermal imager[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(12):1204003. (in Chinese)罗秀丽, 唐璟, 王岭雪, 等. 热像仪探测泄漏气体的信噪比建模与测试[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(12):1204003.
[50]	Hinnrichs M, Gupta N. Comparison of QWIP to HgCdTe detectors for gas imaging[C]//Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2008, 6940:69401Q.
[51]	Vollmer M, Mllmann K P. IR imaging of CO2:basics, experiments, and potential industrial applications[J]. Proceedings IRS2, 2011, 2011:59-64.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage

1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Imaging Technology and System,School of Optics and Photonics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China

Received Date: 2019-04-01

Rev Recd Date: 2019-05-14

Publish Date: 2019-09-30

Key words:

Abstract: Passive gas infrared imaging detection technology has become an important method for oil and natural gas leakage detection due to its high detection efficiency, intuitive visualization and no need for laser illumination. Based on the infrared imaging detection principle of alkane gas leakage such as oil and natural gas. The representative detectors and gas leakage infrared imaging detection systems at foreign and domestic were focused, and its technical characteristics and some key technologies in the imaging system were analyzed. The development status of gas detection system performance evaluation technology was comprehensively summarized, which played an important role in promoting the application of gas detection technology and improving system performance. Finally, the development direction and existing problems of infrared gas imaging detection technology for alkane gas leakage were analyzed.

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Reference (51)

[1]	Liu Xiu, Wang Lingxue, Jin Weiqi, et al. The development of optical remote measurement for hazardous gas leakage[J]. Infrared Technology, 2009, 31(10):563-567. (in Chinese)刘秀, 王岭雪, 金伟其, 等. 危险气体泄漏的光学遥测技术及其进展[J]. 红外技术, 2009, 31(10):563-567.
[2]	Li Jiakun,Jin Weiqi,Wang Xia, et al. Review of gas leak infrared imaging detection technology[J]. Infrared Technology, 2014, 36(7):513-520. (in Chinese)李家琨, 金伟其, 王霞, 等. 气体泄漏红外成像检测技术发展综述[J]. 红外技术, 2014, 36(7):513-520.
[3]	Tan Yuting, Li Jiakun, Jin Weiqi, et al. Model analysis of the sensitivity of single-point sensor and IRFPA detectors used in gas leakage detection[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(8):2489-2495. (in Chinese)谭雨婷, 李家琨, 金伟其, 等. 气体泄漏的单点探测器与红外成像检测的灵敏度模拟分析[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(8):2489-2495.
[4]	Vollmer M, Mllmann K P. Infrared Thermal Imaging:Fundamentals, Research and Applications[M]. Germany:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbhCo. KGaA, 2018:107-350.
[5]	Furry D, Richards A, Lucier R, et al. Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) with a spectrally filtered cooled mid-wave infrared camera[C]//Infra Mation 2005 Proceedings, 2005.
[6]	https://www.flir.cn/browse/industrial/gas-detection-cameras.[2018-12-20].
[7]	Mammen C H, Benson R G. Thermography camera configured for gas leak detection:US, 7, 649, 174[P]. 2010-01-19.
[8]	Kasai N, Tsuchiya C, Fukuda T, et al. Propane gas leak detection by infrared absorption using carbon infrared emitter and infrared camera[J]. NDT E International, 2011, 44(1):57-60.
[9]	Zeng Y, Morris J. Calibration and quantification method for gas imaging camera:US, 225, 915[P]. 2015-12-29.
[10]	Zeng Y, Morris J, Sanders A, et al. Methods to determine response factors for infrared gas imagers used as quantitative measurement devices[J]. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 2017, 67(11):1180-1191.
[11]	Abdel-Moati Hazem, Morris Jonathan, Zeng Yousheng, et al. New optical gas-imaging technology for quantifying fugitive-emission rates[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2016, 68(8):78-79.
[12]	Sandsten J, Weibring P, Edner H, et al. Real-time gas-correlation imaging employing thermal background radiation[J]. Optics Express, 2000, 6(4):92-103.
[13]	Sandsten J, Andersson M. Volume flow calculations on gas leaks imaged with infrared gas-correlation[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(18):20318-20329.
[14]	Cabib D, Lavi M, Orr H. Revival of circular variable filters[C]//Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications IV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010, 7835:78350O.
[15]	Cabib D, Orr H. Circular Variable Filters (CVF) at CI, progress and new performance[C]//Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications VI. Interna-tional Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8542:85420U.
[16]	Cabib D, Lavi M, Gil A, et al. A Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) spectral imager (7.7 to 12.3) based on cooled detector array and high resolution Circular Variable Filter (CVF)[C]//Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems:Technology and Applications X. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, 8896:88960R.
[17]	Malm H, Gamfeldt A, von Wrtemberg R M, et al. High image quality type-Ⅱ superlattice detector for 3.3m detection of volatile organic compounds[J]. Infrared Physics Technology, 2015, 70:34-39.
[18]	https://irnova.se/products/.[2018-12-20].
[19]	Gagnon M A, Tremblay P, Savary S, et al. Direct imaging of shale gas leaks using passive thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging[C]//2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017:4479-4481.
[20]	Products and services available at Telops[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].https://www.telops.com/products/.
[21]	Gagnon M A, Jahjah K A, Marcotte F, et al. Time-resolved thermal infrared multispectral imaging of gases and minerals[C]//Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems:Technology and Applications XI. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, 9249:92490U.
[22]	http:/www.softadir.com/application/commercial/.[2019-01-05].
[23]	PICO640E-041[EB/OL].[2011-12-12].www.ulis-ir.com.
[24]	Naranjo E, Baliga S, Bernascolle P. IR gas imaging in an industrial setting[C]//Thermosense XXXⅡ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010, 7661:76610K.
[25]	Naranjo E, Baliga S, Park J, et al. IR gas cloud imaging in oil and gas applications:immunity to false stimuli[C]//Thermosense:Thermal Infrared Applications XXXⅢ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2011, 8013:80130B.
[26]	Bernascolle P F, Elichabe A, Fervel F, et al. Stand-off CWA imaging system:second sight MS[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XⅢ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8358:83581B.
[27]	Hagen N, Kester R T, Walker C. Real-time quantitative hydrocarbon gas imaging with the gas cloud imager (GCI)[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XⅢ. Interna-tional Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8358:83581J.
[28]	Kester R T. A real-time gas cloud imaging camera for fugitive emission detection and monitoring[C]//Applied Industrial Optics:Spectroscopy, Imaging and Metrology. Optical Society of America, 2012:AW1B. 1.
[29]	Hagen N, Kester R T, Morlier C G, et al. Video-rate spectral imaging of gas leaks in the longwave infrared[C]//Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, 8710:871005.
[30]	VOX Imager BB (Broad Band)-Broadband uncooled IR video core[EB/OL].[2019-01-10].www.scd.co.il.
[31]	Klipstein P, Mizrahi U, Fraenkel A, et al. Status of cooled and uncooled infrared detectors at SCD, Israel[J]. Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(6):555-570.
[32]	Barber R, Rodriguez-Conejo M A, Melendez J, et al. Design of an infrared imaging system for robotic inspection of gas leaks in industrial environments[J]. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2015, 12(3):23.
[33]	Linares R, Vergara G, Gutirrez R, et al. Gas and flame detection and identification using uncooled MWIR imaging sensors[C]//Thermosense:Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVⅡ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015, 9485:94851F.
[34]	Jin Weiqi, Dun Xiong, Wang Xia, et al. An infrared MW/LW spectral imaging optical system:China, 201210490490[P]. 2013-03-20. (in Chinese)金伟其, 顿雄, 王霞, 等. 一种红外中长波光谱成像光学系统:中国, 201210490490[P]. 2013-03-20.
[35]	Jin W Q, Li J K, Dun X, et al. Wide-band gas leak imaging detection system using UFPA[C]//International Symposium on Optoelectronic Technology and Application 2014:Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, 9301:930102.
[36]	Wang Meirong. Key technologies for methane gas imaging detection[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)王美荣.甲烷气体成像探测关键技术研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2012.
[37]	Tang Jing, Luo Xiuli, Liu Shaohua, et al. Infrared imaging detection of oil and natural gas leakage[J]. Laser Infrared, 2016, 46(1):62-66. (in Chinese)唐璟, 罗秀丽, 刘绍华, 等. 石油和天然气红外成像检漏[J]. 激光与红外, 2016, 46(1):62-66.
[38]	Xu Z, Jin W, Li L, et al. Band optimization of passive methane gas leak detection based on uncooled infrared focal plane array[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(15):3991-4001.
[39]	Xiong Shifu. Studies on key technology of infrared thermal imaging detection and identification system for methane gas[D]. Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)熊仕富.红外热成像甲烷气体探测与识别系统关键技术研究[D]. 长春:长春理工大学, 2018.
[40]	Sabbah S, Harig R, Rusch P, et al.Remote sensing of gases by hyperspectral imaging:system performance and measurements[J]. Optical Engineering, 2012, 51(11):111717.
[41]	Farley V, Vallires A, Chamberland M, et al. Performance of the FIRST:a long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging sensor[C]//Optically Based Biological and Chemical Detection for Defence Ⅲ. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006, 6398:63980T.
[42]	Tegstam J F, Danjoux R. Gas leak detection in the oil and gas industry using infrared optical imaging[J]. Thermografie-Kolloquium, 2007(3):1-10.
[43]	Benson R, Madding R, Lucier R, et al. Standoff passive optical leak detection of volatile organic compounds using a cooled InSb based infrared imager[C]//AWMA 99th Annual Meeting Papers, 2006:131.
[44]	Ben-David A, Ifarraguerri A I, Samuels A C. Correlation spectroscopy with diffractive grating synthetic spectra and orthogonal subspace projection filters[J]. Optical Engineering, 2003, 42(2):325-334.
[45]	Anderson K K, Tardiff M F, Chilton L K. Predicting the detectability of thin gaseous plumes in hyperspectral images using basis vectors[J]. Sensors, 2010, 10(9):8652-8662.
[46]	Li J, Jin W, Wang X, et al. MRGC performance evaluation model of gas leak infrared imaging detection system[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(107):A1701-A1712.
[47]	Zhang X, Jin W, Li J, et al. Minimum detectable gas concentration performance evaluation method for gas leak infrared imaging detection systems[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(10):2952-2959.
[48]	Benson R G, Panek J A, Drayton P. Direct measurements of minimum detectable vapor concentrations using passive infrared optical imaging systems[C]//Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition (AWMA), 2006.
[49]	Luo Xiuli, Tang Jing, Wang Lingxue, et al. Modeling and test of signal to noise ratio of leaking gas thermal imager[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(12):1204003. (in Chinese)罗秀丽, 唐璟, 王岭雪, 等. 热像仪探测泄漏气体的信噪比建模与测试[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(12):1204003.
[50]	Hinnrichs M, Gupta N. Comparison of QWIP to HgCdTe detectors for gas imaging[C]//Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2008, 6940:69401Q.
[51]	Vollmer M, Mllmann K P. IR imaging of CO2:basics, experiments, and potential industrial applications[J]. Proceedings IRS2, 2011, 2011:59-64.

Research progress on passive infrared imaging detection technology and system performance evaluation of natural gas leakage

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.S204001

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