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为了验证区域内照度符合设计要求,采用PIC-300 AW型照度计,照度测试范围1~200 klx,测量精度为±4%。实验室顶棚横纵方向分别为x和y,以2.0 m间距分别悬挂相同LED照明光源,整个测试用房间为100 m2 (10 m×10 m),对应16个LED。则照度测试共四种情况,如图3所示。
无论人员的位置在何处都可以被视为图3中四种情况中的一种。第一位置表示正对某一个灯,第二位置表示两个灯(x轴或y轴方向)连线上,第三位置表示两个灯(x轴与y轴的对角线上)连线上,第四种表示介于两个灯与中点O的三角形中。不同位置照明强度测试结果如表1所示。
LED Illuminance value/lx P1 P2 P3 P4 1 m 1 41 41 114 63 2 86 42 110 102 3 85 168 117 86 4 263 164 115 207 Total 475 415 456 458 measured 382 325 362 361 2 m 1 17 22 81 43 2 54 21 87 87 3 57 119 83 56 4 177 115 86 152 Total 305 277 337 338 measured 247 222 272 271 注:P表示Position,序号见图3。 Table 1. Illumination test values of different test positions
由表1数据可知,距离最近为1 m时的测试值,最大为263 lx,总照度值最大值为475 lx,实测最大值为382 lx。对所有合计值与实测值进行分析可知,合计值的80%约为实际值,分析认为单个LED的测试值之和明显大于合计值,这是因为每次单个LED测试时,照度测试计都是截面法向与测试LED共线的,而实测时,照度计是水平放置的,所以存在入射角度对其的影响。不过由于其测试数据存在线性比例关系,所以不影响测试效果。从位置1、2、3、4的测试结果可以看出,随距离变化的照度增加量与距离值约成二次方量级变化关系。
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在确定了照度值分布以后,只需要将人员位置找到,就可以通过神经网络进行迭代,将所有人员位置对应区域的照明度调节至适宜值后关闭其他位置的光源,从而达到智能照明的目的。人员位置实际值与测试计算值的对比如图4和图5所示。
测试空间分为x轴与y轴两个方向,图4表示x轴方向上人员位置的计算值与实测值,图5表示y轴方向上人员位置的计算值与实测值。由测试数据可以看出,计算值曲线分布与实测值曲线分布基本一致,个别位置略有偏差,x轴方向最小误差为6 cm,最大误差为−96 cm,y轴最小误差为4 cm,最大误差为91 cm。可见计算效果最差时也优于100 cm,小于一个照明单元的半径值,所以,该计算值对于完成基于该照明单元的定位时符合设计要求。
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为了验证算法的时效性,分析了当光源总量及人员总量发生大幅变化时算法的收敛速度,从而验证算法在实时调节照明强度与变化速度方面,对待测区域人员的视觉效果的影响程度。测试方法是将算法计算中两个主要输入参量进行增量变化,然后与传统人工神经网络(ANN, Artificial Neural Network)算法进行相同数据量计算时的收敛时间进行对比,光源量变化与收敛时间的对应关系如图6所示,人员量变化与收敛时间的对应关系如图7所示。
由图6可以看出,当光源总量增大时,收敛时间会有一定的增幅,小于300个光源时,收敛时间低于0.5 s,而超过800个时,收敛时间增速变慢,约为0.95 s。虽有一定增幅,但是从换算光源数可知,该数量的光源可以等效照明面积非常大,总计处理速度约1 s左右是能够满足实际应用需求的。
由图7可以看出,测试数据是以大约300个光源(约20个拟控制房间)为准,对人数增量与收敛时间的关系进行了分析。随着人数的增多,收敛时间有所增加,但是两种算法的增加时间都很小,都在0.2 s以内,基本可以忽略,说明收敛控制主要还是受光源总量的影响较大。
Intelligent adjustment system of indoor lighting based on deep learning
doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210829
- Received Date: 2021-11-08
- Rev Recd Date: 2021-12-06
- Accepted Date: 2021-12-06
- Publish Date: 2022-08-05
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Key words:
- intelligent lighting /
- optical fiber sensing /
- deep learning /
- block design
Abstract: To achieve intelligent control of indoor lighting, tracking lighting is performed according to the real-time position of indoor personnel, and adaptive brightness adjustment is completed through the coverage area of personnel, so as to achieve the purpose of overall energy savings and comfortable local lighting. An intelligent lighting system based on a fiber optic sensor network is designed, and a lighting adjustment algorithm based on deep learning lighting block design and real-time positioning of personnel is proposed. The block design divides the lighting area into multiple equal-sized subareas, and the division scale is determined by the light source coverage interval to realize the discrete processing of the lighting area. Then, through the state acquisition module to perform quantification analysis on each sub-region, the detection results are imported into the analysis model as the control parameters of the input layer of the convolutional network. The closed-body personnel positioning algorithm is combined to realize the positioning of the lighting subarea and the illuminance adjustment. The experiment tested four typical situations within the illumination range of 100 m2, obtained the illuminance weight value of each LED on the test location, and tested the degree of influence of the illuminance value of different heights. The maximum error of personnel positioning accuracy in the x-axis direction in the area is −96 cm, and it is 91 cm in the y-axis direction, both of which are smaller than the minimum unit of the preset lighting block. When the number of LEDs increases, the convergence time of this algorithm is slightly better than that of the ANN algorithm. Compared with the lighting space of the corresponding LED volume, the convergence time meets the application requirements, verifying its ability to intelligently adjust lighting over a large range.