Abstract: Based on the consideration of the influences of decenter element to aberration, the positions of pupil center and image center as functions of lens decenter was derived and the relationships of adjustment and aberration increment was established. Then, the calibration method on lateral displacement transmission-type system based on aberration theory was advanced, which cover the shortages of calibration method based on Gauss optics. An example was also set up to prove the effectivity of this method. The result showed that the adjust programme chose by this method caused the minimum aberration increment which reduced the influence to the imaging quality. This theory could be used to instruct the calibration on misalignment system.