Abstract: To solve the problem that traditional hyperspectral target detection is based on either airborne image or spaceborne image, and doesn't utilize the advantage of aerial and space imaging comprehensively, a target detection method for airborne and spaceborne image fusion, which combined 3D GMRF with D-S evidence theory, was proposed in this paper. The 3D GMRF detection results from airborne image and spaceborne image were fused by D-S evidence theory in decision level. The experimental results show that the proposed target detection method complements the advantage of aerial hyperspectral image and space hyperspectral image, and enhances accuracy on target detection. This technology is new target detection method by fusing the aerial and space hyperspectral image.