Abstract: Using the way of laser in centimeter orbital debris detection has been the hot research topic. According to space based laser detection system, a basic model of centimeter orbital debris detection was established, with selecting a particular wavelength laser, space-based platform orbital parameter and position mode of detector to reduce background noise realizing once successful detection. The relationship between the detection range, the size of debris and detection probability, the minimum detection power and the furthest distance of the system was discussed. By changing the diameter of orbital debris and laser average power, the study of effect on detection range was discussed in detail. The researches show that under the existing conditions, it can be realized that 50 km distance detection of centimeter space debris with exceeding 90%detection probability, through the filtering of environment noise and selecting of space-based platform parameter. Based on above discussion, it can provide solid basis for the future modeling and simulation research of space based laser centimeter orbital debris detection and removal.