Abstract: In order to study the distributed situation of the middle atmosphere, a self-developed Rayleigh scattering lidar used to remote sensing in the altitude range 25-40 km was introduced, which was located at Hefei(31.90 N; 117.170 E), China. Rayleigh scattering lidar with 532 nm wavelength made the measurements of atmospheric density and temperature. The results obtained by Rayleigh scattering lidar were compared with the data provided by NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model to prove the Rayleigh scattering lidar system performance and the reliability of the data processing method. Through comparison and analysis of the result data, it can be found that the density ratio of Rayleigh scattering lidar to NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model is from 0.99 to 1.03, and the temperature biases between Rayleigh scattering lidar and NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model are about 2.8 K from 25 km to 40 km. Especially under the altitude 38 km, the temperature biases is about 1.6 K. These results indicate that atmospheric density and temperature profiles obtained by Rayleigh lidar show the coincident distribution with the data of NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model over the altitudes of 25 km to 40 km, and the Rayleigh scattering lidar can represent the distribution of the atmospheric density and temperature between the altitude 25 km and 40 km over Hefei.