Abstract: Backscattering lidar is a powerful tool for atmospheric aerosol detection, but it can not receive the full signals in lower hundreds of meters, and has an assumption of lidar ratio for aerosol backscattering coefficient reversion. One wavelength emission and five channel receivers lidar system based on backscatter, side-scatter, and Raman scatter technique overcomes the above shortcomings. The system can detect aerosol depolarization ratio profile, water vapor mixing ratio profile, backscattering coefficient profile and aerosol extinction coefficient profile. Aerosol backscattering coefficient and extinction coefficient profile were from the ground to the tropopause, aerosol depolarization ratio profile was in troposphere, and water vapor mixing ratio was in planetary boundary layer. The signal to noise ratios of all channel and relative errors of detected results were analyzed based on the system hardware. Case study indicates that the data of this system are reliable, and detection ranges are rather wide. The system can be used for studying the spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient, water vapor and their relationship.