Abstract: The onboard airglow imaging interferometer can obtain the spatial distribution and temporal evolution information of the global atmospheric wind by using the limb-viewing mode, which makes it a research hotspot in the field of international satellite remote sensing. The O3 radiation source based Michelson onboard imaging interferometer can detect the atmospheric wind field in the stratosphere region through all-day. But there is more complex wind uncertainty because of working in the infrared band. Therefore, on the basis of limb-viewing forward simulation, the instrumental thermal background signal was studied, the measurement noise was analyzed, the atmospheric wind error caused by the measurement noise of atmospheric signal and the instrument thermal background noise was given, and error profile of line-of-sight wind was obtained by apparent quantities simulation and signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The uncertainty analysis shows that the O3 radiation source based Michelson imaging interferometer can detect atmospheric wind in the range of 15-45 km onboard through all-day, and the inversion accuracy is better than 1-2 m/s. This research provides important theoretical guidance for atmospheric wind measurement based on infrared radiation source. At the same time, it has great engineering significance and practical value for the development of infrared Michelson imaging interferometer.