Abstract: Aiming at the target craft's ground-based optical observation and attitude surveillance mission, the imaging simulation model and method of ground-based optical-telescope was studied. Based on complex target 3D modeling, orbit determination and optical imaging chain modeling, combining with the scattering characteristics of surface material properties and the imaging performance of telescope, the target craft's optical image sequences were simulated by utilizing Open Graphics Library(OpenGL). By comparing with theoretical analysis, the field of view images of Satellite Tool Kit(STK) sensor and actual observation images, the simulation method and results were proved to be effective and credible. This research can provide references for the observation mission plan of target craft, on-orbit attitude and exterior inspection, as well as the space target attitude recognition and target identification.