Abstract: A thorough research of the optical properties of structural color generation based on grating/colloidal crystal was reported in terms of structural design, experimental preparation and spectral color rendering performance testing. Around realizing wide color gamut, narrow band gap, high brightness and anisotropic structure photonic crystal color control problems, the color mechanism of grating/colloidal crystal microsphere composite photonic crystals was explored by gravity deposition and vertical deposition.Taking the gravity sedimentation method, when the concentration of the dispersion was 1%, the colloidal microspheres were uniformly attached to the grating. When the concentration of the solution was 5%, the PS beads can be closely arranged, but cannot form a single layer or double. The layer structure would precipitate multiple layers and the grating structure was not observed. With the vertical settlement assembly method, when the concentration of the dispersion liquid was 1%, the assembly effect was not good and a dense structure couldn't be formed. When the solution concentration was 5%, the composite structure was assembled well, and the colloidal crystal was assembled in the grating groove. The spectral performance was tested and its color properties were evaluated, which laid a theoretical and practical foundation for its effective application in the field of anti-counterfeiting printing.