Abstract: To adapt to high performance thermal imaging application in the background with strong radiation such as sun, interference bomb and fire, high dynamic range (HDR) thermal imaging with adaptability for strong radiation interference scenes of temperature difference beyond the range of 1 000-5 000 ℃, had become a significant direction of development at home and abroad. Although there was no obvious difference between the dynamic range testing system of HDR thermal imaging system and traditional thermal imaging system, there was no suitable testing method and instrument now, and its core lay in the lack of large dynamic range dynamic infrared radiation source target. This article researched a dynamic range performance testing and evaluation method of HDR thermal imaging system, and designed a novelty HDR dynamic infrared radiation sources array target with temperature difference beyond 1 000 ℃ to realize the objective testing of HDR thermal imaging system dynamic range performance. The experimental results show that HDR dynamic infrared radiation sources array target meets the testing and evaluation requirement of temperature range, stability, accuracy, modulation frequency, etc. and can realize fast and reliable the dynamic range performance testing of HDR thermal imaging system. This technology is of guiding significance to the development of HDR thermal imaging technology research and system testing and evaluation.