Abstract: In the field of space optoelectronic countermeasures, the real-time on-orbit tracking of satellites by ground optoelectronic tracking equipment is a prerequisite for interference countermeasures, and optical reconnaissance satellites mostly operate in sun-synchronous orbits. Firstly, according to the optical reconnaissance satellite earth observation was apparent under vertical or lateral swing down more visual, and ground jamming equipment must be located within the optical reconnaissance satellite view characteristic, through independent mathematical deduction, the mathematical model of satellite and ground equipment location relationship between each other, including the ground photoelectric devices of optical reconnaissance satellite observation distance and the mathematical expression of observation angle; Secondly, according to the radiation scattering characteristics of the satellite and their solar panel, as well as the scattering transmission characteristics of the earth's atmospheric environment and terrain background in the visual band, the mathematical model of the scattering radiation transmission of the star and the observation path was derived, and the mathematical expression of the illuminance on the focal plane of photoelectric equipment which represent the target and the background respectively were obtained; Finally, based on the atmospheric scintillation characteristics of the scattered radiation of reconnaissance satellites, using probability statistical theory and engineering experience analysis, it was pointed out that the decisive factor affecting the detection probability was the change in the target background contrast caused by the atmospheric scintillation, based on this, a new detection probability model of the optical reconnaissance satellite by ground optoelectronic equipment was proposed. The actual test data verifies that the calculated results of the model in this paper are in good agreement with the actual measured data.