Abstract: In the process of high temperature thermal experiment in aerospace, metallurgical casting and other industrial fields, it is necessary to obtain the high temperature on the shelter surface of the test piece quickly and accurately under the condition of high concentration of diffuse medium. The traditional radiation temperature measurement methods include band radiation method, brightness method, colorimetric temperature measurement method, multi-wavelength temperature measurement method and so on, which is the main measurement method to realize high temperature measurement. Due to the effect of medium particles, diffuse medium will produce various spectral scattering, absorption and emission effects, which will bring great interference to the accurate measurement of high temperature and lead to deviation of measurement results. It  is  necessary  to  improve classical radiation thermometry. Several main radiation thermometry methods under the condition of diffuse medium were discussed, including experimental data inversion method, thermal radiation calculation method, multi-channel split window method, information recovery calculation method, and neural network calculation method. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods were analyzed, and the challenges and development trends of radiation thermometry methods under the condition of diffuse medium were summarized.