Abstract: At present, radio frequency technology is used between platforms in the aviation backbone network, which has shortcomings such as low transmission rate, limited frequency band resources, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. It is difficult to meet the requirements for safe and high-speed transmission of aviation data in military and civil fields such as aviation safety and combat command. While optical communication has significant advantages in high-speed and reliable transmission of aviation information, with the advantages of ultra-high speed, ultra-large bandwidth, strong anti-interference ability, and good confidentiality. In order to improve the capability of wireless communication between flight platforms of aviation backbone network, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing of the research status and experiments of key technologies of airborne optical communication at home and abroad, at first this thesis makes an assumption and description for the application scenario of domestic large UAV as backbone network mobile relay in the current aviation field, then analyzes deeply the airborne optical communication requirements of large UAV. At last systematically summarizes the key technologies and future development trend of laser communication of large aviation UAV, which provides a certain theoretical reference and basis for the application and development of airborne optical communication technology in large aviation UAV.