Significance  Near space covers the stratosphere, mesosphere and part of the thermosphere regions of the atmosphere and is a complex transition region between the Earth's atmosphere and space. The detection of its wind and temperature fields is of great engineering and scientific significance for space weather warning and climate change modeling. By monitoring and analyzing atmospheric wind temperature information in the near space, it is possible to gain insight into the dynamical mechanisms of atmospheric circulation, atmospheric chemical processes, and the transport and transformation of various constituents. In addition, the use of atmospheric wind temperature data in the near space makes it possible to optimize satellite orbit design, predict space weather conditions, plan space mission trajectories and ensure the safe operation of satellites and space vehicles. However, due to the limitations of engineering and technical capabilities, global atmospheric wind temperature information in the near space region is very scarce, and remote sensing of atmospheric wind temperature in the near space at the global scale has become a research hotspot in the field of international atmospheric physics and space science.

Progress  Satellite remote sensing technology is an important means of obtaining atmospheric wind temperature information. In comparison, the development of satellite remote sensing technology for atmospheric temperature field information is more mature, while the vertical detection of the atmospheric wind field, as well as the simultaneous detection of the wind field and temperature field profile, are both difficult and hot spots in the field of satellite remote sensing in the international arena. According to different means of obtaining information, satellite remote sensing technology can be categorized into active and passive detection methods. The active detection method, represented by satellite-based LiDAR, mainly acquires wind field information in the low-altitude region below 30 km. Passive detection, represented by the Atomic Airglow Spectral Imaging Satellite Interferometer (AASIS), acquires wind temperature information in the region above 90 km altitude. For the near space region of 20-100 km, the detection capability of atmospheric wind temperature remote sensing satellite payloads currently operating in orbit is very limited. In view of this, this paper provides a systematic review of the research progress of satellite-based wind temperature detection in near space, aiming to provide reference and inspiration for the research in related fields. First, the current status of atmospheric wind temperature satellite remote sensing technology is introduced, and the detection principles and performance of representative international payloads are summarized. Secondly, starting from three different detection bands, namely near-infrared, long-wave infrared and mid-wave infrared, the target source characteristics, instrument development and detection capability of three types of typical remote sensing technologies for atmospheric wind temperature in near space are discussed in detail, and the applicability and reliability of the three technological solutions under different conditions are summarized through the analysis of the spatial and temporal coverage and the measurement accuracy, which provide important references for the subsequent research. Finally, the future development of satellite remote sensing technology for atmospheric wind and temperature fields in the near space is envisioned.

Conclusions and Prospects  In summary, satellite-based remote sensing of wind temperatures in near space has developed to some extent over the past decades, but is still insufficient to reach the level of operational detection. Looking forward to the future development trend of satellite-borne wind temperature remote sensing technology in near space, focusing on the spatial coverage capability, time continuity and detection accuracy of atmospheric wind temperature remote sensing payloads, and discussing the engineering difficulty of payload development, it is possible to provide an effective idea for the research and development and application of wind temperature remote sensing satellites in near space. This will provide effective technical means and scientific support for the in-depth study of changes in the atmospheric environment, the improvement of the accuracy of weather forecasts and the optimization of aerospace mission planning, and will make an important contribution to the filling of proximity spatial data and the advancement of meteorological science.