Abstract: The two-dimensional(2D) photonic crystal(PC) was constructed with the substrate of SiO2 and the surface coating medium of TiO2, and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) theory was used to analyze the optical propagation property of 2D PC. The effects of the lattice period, refractive index and thickness of waveguide layer on optical properties of 2D photonic crystal were analyzed. Analysis results show that: While the lattice period and thickness of the waveguide layer are constant, with the increase of refractive index of waveguide layer, the reflective peak wavelength value (PWV) appears red shift, and there is a good linear relationship between above two. When the refractive index of waveguide layer is constant, photonic crystal reflection PWV increases with the increase of thickness or lattice period, the linear relationship between the two and PWV is in certain range. The non-uniform characteristic of surface adsorbing medium is obtained by analyzing the spectrum of non-uniform distribution of surface adsorbing medium of 2D PC.