Abstract: Standard model atmosphere is usually adopted in Raman lidar aerosol extinction coefficient inversion, but sometimes standard model atmosphere does not match the actual atmospheric density so cause a greater impact on the detection results. In order to reduce the influence to enhance Raman lidar aerosol extinction coefficient inversion precision, a new model which atmospheric density profile was determinated by the Boltzmann energy distribution and tropospheric temperature linear decline law was proposed to replace standard model atmosphere, Theoretical derivation and experiment verify the feasibility of the method, and the result shows that the new model is more consistent with actual atmosphere, so it can reduce the error, it is proposed Raman lidar data processing may use this new model.