Abstract: The physical mechanism of the surface plasmon polaritons was analyzed based on the electromagnetic theory of generating the surface plasma wave. Two periodic cylinder grating structure models were designed. By studying the dispersion relation of surface plasma wave in periodic array structure, the surface plasma wave resonance frequencies were predicted in theory, and tested in the simulation experiment results. Observing the change laws of SPPs electric field simulation, and combining with the theoretical analysis of the SPPs relations along with the change of various factors, all the parameters were optimized, and its transmission characteristics were studied. The results show that the electric field reaches the maximum value at r=24 m and a=95 m for vertical structure, at r=25 m and a=120 m for horizontal structure. This paper provides an important guide for detection of THz signal and design of THz sensor.