Abstract: Satellite atmospheric remote sensing by spaceborne lidar is a new type of active detection means after infrared, visible and microwave methods and data retrieval is the key technology of satellite applications. The measurement of atmosphere gas concentration, aerosol/cloud profile and three-dimensional wind is main application field of spaceborne lidar remote sensing. For atmospheric CO2 and aerosol/cloud, the space-based laser differential absorption and backscatter detection principle were introduced and the CO2 bottom-up inversion algorithm and aerosol/cloud level lookup and classification inversion algorithm were also explored. In addition, the ground and airborne verification means for satellite remote sensing data products were provided. This work can aid for top-level design of satellite.