Abstract: In order to validate the feasibility of using open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) to measure 1,3-butadiene concentration of industrial area ambient gas, the standard gas with known concentration was measured in laboratory first. Different concentration 1,3-butadiene were measured by open path FTIR measurement system which was based on Bruker IR-Cube. Combined with the absorbance information of 1,3-butadiene from QASOFT database, the measured spectrum was retrieved by the nonlinear least square algorithm(NLLS), and the OP-FTIR system was calibrated with linear fitting method. Experimental results indicate that the open path FTIR measurement system has stable performance, fast response and fine linearity. The correlation coefficient is 0.998. The detection limit of 1,3-butadiene is about 18.77 mgm-2. Experimental studies have shown that the OP-FTIR system can be used to monitor and study 1,3-butadiene in ambient gas,and the open path FTIR method can be used as a technology to detect 1,3-butadiene.