Abstract: Utilizing the existing mature technologies of fiber-optic communication is an important development direction of the present satellite optical communication technology, but the critical issue of how to couple the space light into the fiber must be resolved. A theoretical analysis of the influence caused by the vibration of satellites on the coupling efficiency of space light into fiber was conducted. On this basis, using CCD as a detector and fine steering mirror as a compensation facility, a vibration compensation system of satellite optical communication terminal was established and an experimental study was conducted. The experimental results show that the active compensation system based on the feedback control technology suppresses low frequency vibration efficiently. When the vibration frequency ranges from 1 to 50 Hz and the vibration amplitude ranges from 75 to 300 rad, the maximum improving of coupling efficiency brought by the compensation system is up to 54.73% . The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the compensation system established in this paper, and lay a foundation for the using of the various fiber components in the satellite optical communication system.